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    • 专利摘要:
    A method of tracing a gemstone (2) comprising the steps of: providing an invisible marker (1), the marker (1) being uniquely identifiable, fixing the marker (1) in a storage location (3) of the gemstone (2) and detecting marker information (4) including that said uniquely identifiable marker (1) being attached to said gemstone (2). In this case, the marker (1) in a carrier liquid (10) suspended to the storage site (3) are transported. The carrier liquid (10) can be mixed with an additive, for example a primer or a starting material for a surface coating of at least one partial surface of the storage site (3). A method for tracing the gemstone (2) is also described. Likewise a gemstone (2) comprising a marker (1) which is arranged and fixed by said method for tracing the gemstone (2).
    公开号:CH713538A1
    申请号:CH00258/17
    申请日:2017-03-02
    公开日:2018-09-14
    发明作者:Nyfeler Daniel；Link Klemens
    申请人:Guebelin Gem Lab Ltd；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Description The invention relates to the field of methods for the traceability of gemstones. Traceability enables a gem to be traced. The tracing of gemstones is an important piece of information for buyers of gemstones.
    By traceability can be determined, for example, where a gem comes from. This enables conclusions to be drawn about specific mines and / or geographical areas. It is also possible to draw conclusions about an origin from official prospecting and / or sales channels. Processing of the gem can also be traceable, for example. Depending on the application of a tracing method, tracing can thus be used to find out where a gemstone comes from, which hands it went through and / or when and where it was processed.
    Tracing can prevent stolen, counterfeit and / or smuggled gemstones from being traded like normal gemstones. Gemstones from illegal mines, from mines with an exploitative framework and / or from mines in war zones can also be recognized.
    The tracing of gemstones can thus reduce or eliminate negative aspects of the gemstone business. However, tracing can also increase the value of gemstones by proving their origin. The tracing of gemstones is becoming increasingly important in globalized trade. Therefore, tracing a gemstone is of interest to many different parties.
    [0005] Various such methods for tracing gemstones are known, for example, from WO 0 210 091 A2. The state of the art of traceability methods described therein includes (laser) engraving and etching methods for marking gemstones. But this affects and / or damages the gem. The method described in WO 0 210 091 A2 includes a removable covering of the gemstones, in particular with a polymer covering. The envelope can then have clearly identifiable properties, for example due to a specific chemical composition of the envelope and / or through markings of the envelope in various ways (for example bar codes, holograms, matrices, fluorescent color particles, etc.).
    The disadvantage of the known methods is that a gemstone in the traceability is impaired or even damaged. Or the gem is made traceable using a method that allows the identification option (for example the polymer shell) to be removed. By removing the identification option, manipulation of the traceability is possible. Such a method is not very safe and can be unreliable.
    Another disadvantage of the known methods is that the gemstones can be impaired in their optical quality. In other words, known methods of traceability on a gem can cause visible changes to the human eye. For example, bar codes or envelopes are attached to the gem. Changes that are visible to the naked eye, however, reduce the value of a gem, especially if it is already finished.
    Another disadvantage of the known methods for making traceability is that the traceability of a gem after processing the gem is impaired or even impossible. For example, after grinding or cutting the gem, an engraved or etched mark may be partially or totally damaged or even removed. A shell of the gem can, for example, also be partially or completely damaged or even removed during burning, irradiation, grinding, cutting, oiling, greasing, waxing and / or waxing. For example, depending on the method, a gemstone can only be traced poorly or not at all in a completely processed state (with or without a setting), depending on the method.
    It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method for tracing gemstones, which at least partially eliminates at least one of the above disadvantages.
    [0010] This object is achieved by a method having the features of patent claim 1.
    [0011] The method according to the invention for making a gemstone traceable comprises the steps: making an invisible marker available, the marker being clearly identifiable,
    Attaching the marker in a storage location of the gem, and
    Detection of marking information, which includes that this clearly identifiable marker is attached to this gem.
    A gem is sometimes referred to as a gem. A gemstone is, for example, an emerald, a diamond, a ruby, a sapphire, a corundum, an agate, a beryl, a malachite, a tourmaline or a topaz. A gemstone as well as a semi-precious stone fall under the name of jewelery. A gemstone can be a mineral, a rock, a glass melt or a substance of organic origin (such as amber, pitch coal or a fossil or piece of fossil). Pearls, mother-of-pearl and corals are also among the gemstones. The gemstone is particularly of natural origin.
    CH 713 538 A1 By natural origin it is meant that the gem is not man-made. In other words, a gemstone of natural origin was created and found in the wild. For example, a gemstone of natural origin is mined in mines. Alternatively, the gem is made synthetically.
    In particular, the gem is a beryl and in particular an emerald, that is a green beryl.
    A marker is a physical object that extends spatially in three dimensions. An invisible marker is not visible to the naked eye. In other words, the marker is said to be invisible if a person cannot see the marker without aids. For example, the marker can be invisible to the naked human eye due to its size, refractive index, density, transparency and / or reflection.
    [0016] In particular, the marker is not visible even with optical instruments.
    With optical instruments are meant instruments which achieve an image enlargement exclusively by optical means, that is to say by using optical lenses. Optical instruments are, for example, glasses, magnifying glasses or light microscopes, i.e. light-optical devices and instruments. In contrast, electron microscopes or scanning probe microscopes are explicitly not optical instruments in the context of this application.
    A marker has a characteristic property which allows the marker to be clearly identified. The marker can be clearly identified if it can be clearly established that it is exactly a specific marker. The characteristic property of the marker can be a single property or consist of a combination of specific properties.
    For example, a marker may include DNA, include radioactive components, include isotopes, include trace elements, include rare earth metals, be polarized, be electrically charged, be magnetized, have a certain quantum state, include fluorescent and / or phosphorescent components, and / or have a specific chemical signature and can be clearly identified on the basis of one or more of these properties.
    [0020] In particular, the characteristic property can include that the marker comprises an isotope.
    In particular, the characteristic property can include that the marker comprises several isotopes in a specific quantitative ratio to one another.
    [0022] In particular, the characteristic property can include that the marker comprises a rare earth metal (REE).
    [0023] The characteristic property of the marker can have, for example, at least 50 different values or identities that are clearly distinguishable from one another. For example, the characteristic property of the marker can have at least 100 different values. In particular, the characteristic property of the marker can have at least 500 different values. This means that the marker enables identification and differentiation of at least 50, 100 or 500 markers of the same type (i.e. with the same characteristic property). A positive or a negative electrical charge alone is therefore not sufficient to uniquely identify a marker in the sense of the example described in this paragraph.
    A marker allows, for example, the identification and identification of an object to which the marker is assigned. An object to which a marker is assigned can be recognized and traced in this way. A gemstone can be made traceable using a marker.
    A storage location denotes a location on the gem, which is arranged inside the gem and which has enough space for a marker. In other words, the storage location is a spatial volume at a position in the gem that is not on the outer surface of the gem. The storage location has at least one spatial volume the size of a marker. The storage location is, for example, a crack, a micro-crack, a fissure, a gap, a scratch, a depression, a defect, a defect, a bubble, a cavity, a crystal lattice defect and / or a pathability caused by the crystal structure or the crystal growth, such as eg Twin areas or sub-grain boundaries.
    [0026] In particular, the storage location is a crack.
    A crack in a gemstone is a narrow opening in the gemstone, which extends from the outer surface of the gemstone into the interior of the gemstone. A depth of the crack is at least a factor of five greater than a width of the crack, in particular a factor of 10 larger. In particular, the crack is 50 times deeper than it is wide. The length of the crack can vary, but is always greater than the width of the crack. The length and width of the crack run along the surface of the gem, for example. A micro crack is also a crack. In particular, the storage location is naturally formed in the gem.
    [0029] This means that, for example, naturally occurring defects in the gem are used as the storage location. In this way, a gemstone can be made traceable using its natural properties, without the gemstone being damaged by the traceability, the basic substance being manipulated, structurally changed, optically changed and / or its financial value being reduced.
    CH 713 538 A1 [0030] Additionally or alternatively, a storage location can also be created artificially on the gem. For example, a storage location can arise when a natural gemstone is mined, for example in the event of an explosion and / or other influences such as pressure change, mechanical loading and unloading and / or friction during mining and / or transportation.
    By fastening in the storage location it is meant that the marker is arranged in a fixed position relative to the gem in the storage location. The marker is therefore immovably fixed in the storage location.
    The marker is particularly releasably attached to the storage location.
    [0033] After fastening, the marker can thus be released again from the storage location, for example. Depending on the type of attachment, the removal of the marker from the storage location can depend on a specific technique and / or certain circumstances or boundary conditions. For example, a specific fastener can only be dissolved with a specific solvent.
    [0034] In particular, the marker is permanently attached to the storage location.
    By acquiring marking information, it is meant that at least certain information, namely which uniquely identifiable marker has been attached to which gemstone in the storage location, is made available again. The marking information can also include further information, for example time, place or coordinates and / or further information (such as names of natural or legal persons, comments, numerical values) relating to the extraction, marking, processing, transport, sale of the gemstone and / or also completely different nature.
    The inventive method makes it possible to make a gem stone traceable. The marker is not visible to the naked human eye, and the gem is not visually impaired by the traceability. In this way, the invisible marker can remain attached to the gemstone indefinitely without changing or even impairing its appearance. A change or even impairment of the appearance of the gemstone could reduce its value. Conversely, the value of a traceable gem can increase compared to a non-traceable gem, especially if making it traceable does not affect or change its appearance.
    The marker is fixed in an emplacement of the gem, whereby it is arranged inside the gem. This positioning in the storage location protects the marker from processing steps and / or manipulation attempts.
    Due to the invisibility of the marker to the naked eye and the resulting non-disturbing and arbitrarily long stay in the storage location of the gem, the gem can always be clearly identified from the time the marker is attached. An interim removal of the identification feature - that is to say ultimately the marker - for processing and or final use (for example in a version as a piece of jewelry), as in the prior art, is eliminated. The interim removal can be carried out consciously, as in the case of the prior art cited above. Or the temporary removal takes place anyway, for example when grinding a gem and the resulting removal of an engraving or etching of the surface of the gem. The fact that the marker remains in the storage location and therefore in the gemstone makes the process reliable, safe and manipulation-resistant.
    Analogously, it also applies to the positioning of the marker in the storage location and the resulting protection against processing steps and / or manipulations that this traceability method is reliable, safe and / or manipulation-resistant.
    And it is precisely in the interaction of these two features (namely invisible marker and attachment of the marker in the storage location) that the described method for making it traceable is particularly safe. The permanent retention of the marker in the gem - made possible by the invisible marker, which can be attached to the gem for an unlimited period of time without being visually disadvantageous - and the protection of the marker against manipulation and / or processing steps - made possible by attaching the marker in the storage location - make the traceability process particularly reliable, safe and / or tamper resistant. Without the invisibility of the marker, the marker should not remain on the gem for any length of time and should therefore not be inserted into the protected storage area. And without the mechanical protection of the storage location, the marker would be less secure and tamper-resistant attached to the gem.
    For example, the described method for making a gemstone traceable can be applied to a gemstone in various stages of its processing. The method can be applied to an unprocessed gem as well as to a partially processed gem and / or a finished gem. This is an advantage because a gem can be made traceable regardless of its level of processing.
    It is also possible to use the method multiple times with markers that are different from one another and thereby distinguishable. For example, various trade routes and / or processing stages can be made traceable in this way.
    CH 713 538 A1 [0043] In particular, the gemstone is encased by a piece of jewelry before the marker is fastened in the storage location of the gemstone.
    In other words, the gem can be made traceable by the method described, even if the gem has already been placed on a piece of jewelry. The piece of jewelry can be only partially or already finished and / or processed. The described method can therefore also be applied to gemstones in partially finished or finished pieces of jewelry.
    By making the gem stone traceable, the piece of jewelry comprising this gem stone can also be made traceable, provided that the piece of jewelry comprises the gem stone while making it traceable. The marking information can also include information about the piece of jewelry. In this way, a piece of jewelry or even parts of a piece of jewelry can be made traceable. The origin of a gem from a piece of jewelry can also be inferred. Stolen gemstones and / or pieces of jewelry can be identified in this way. A piece of jewelry that can be made traceable can also be made forgery-proof.
    Further embodiments emerge from the dependent claims.
    Optionally, the marker is suspended in a carrier liquid and transported to the storage site in order to fix the marker in the storage site of the gem.
    Suspending the marker in a carrier liquid allows simple and efficient transport to the storage site. Suspended means that the marker is essentially enclosed by the carrier liquid. In the case of several markers, suspended markers are distributed in the carrier liquid. The marker can be well suspended in a carrier liquid and introduced into the storage site. The carrier liquid can also help to introduce several markers in an even distribution into one or more storage sites.
    [0049] In particular, the carrier liquid is liquid at room temperature.
    In this way, the marker can be easily suspended in the carrier liquid at room temperature. The marker can also be transported to the storage location at room temperature, which means little technical effort.
    [0051] In particular, the carrier liquid is in a solid state at room temperature. For example, the carrier liquid is in powder form at room temperature.
    The carrier liquid is, for example, only liquid at a temperature of at least 80 degrees Celsius. In particular, the carrier liquid is only liquid at a temperature of at least 150 degrees Celsius. In particular, the carrier liquid is only liquid at a temperature of at least 300 degrees Celsius.
    An example of a carrier liquid with a solid state at room temperature is glass, and in particular lead glass. Lead glass is glass with a relatively low melting temperature and with different compositions, to which lead is added. The lead in the glass increases the refraction of light and adjusts it to that of a gem, for example that of a ruby.
    [0054] Optionally, the carrier liquid comprises a flux for a gem. In particular, the carrier liquid is a flux for a gem.
    A flux for a gemstone allows the gemstone to be at least partially dissolved or dissolved at a relatively low temperature. In other words, the flux lowers the melting temperature of the gem. Another name for flux is flux. When flux is used, the melting point of a gemstone, for example a corundum (such as ruby and sapphire), is reduced, so that this gemstone melts at lower temperatures than without flux and in particular partially melts at lower temperatures than without flux.
    Fluxes can be used in the so-called burning or heating of a gemstone in order to reduce and / or eliminate blemishes of the gemstone more easily and more quickly than would be done when firing or heating without flux. Flaws of the gem can be potential emplacement points, e.g. a crack, a micro-crack, a fissure, a gap, a scratch, a depression, a defect, a defect, a bubble, a cavity, a crystal lattice defect and / or a pathability caused by the Crystal structure or crystal growth, such as Twin areas or sub-grain boundaries. Due to the flux, a partial melt of the gemstone (i.e. a melt caused by a partial melting of the gemstone) can get to the spots better and reduce or remedy defects better than is the case without flux.
    The flux is liquid during firing and can make up at least part of the carrier liquid in which the marker is suspended in order to be transported to the storage location.
    The carrier liquid optionally comprises a melt having a flux for a gem and a partial melt of the gem. In particular, the carrier liquid is a melt having a flux for a gem and a partial melt of the gem.
    CH 713 538 A1 [0059] A melt which comprises both molten gem stone (in particular resulting from a partial melting of the gem stone) and flux can reduce and / or eliminate flaws of the gem stone easily and quickly.
    Optionally, the flux remains at least partially and in particular completely in the gemstone after a partial melting of the gemstone has solidified (that is, after a partial melt has solidified again).
    [0061] For example, contains or is a flux for rubies borax.
    [0062] Advantageously, a flux, which is used anyway in a processing step of the gem, can be used at least partially or completely as a carrier liquid. In this way, the method for making the gemstone traceable can at least partially be combined with steps of processing the gemstone, in particular firing. This saves costs, time, energy and material.
    Optionally, the carrier liquid remains at least partially or completely in the gem after the marker has been transported to the storage location.
    Optionally, the carrier liquid is at least partially or completely removed from the gem after transport of the marker to the storage location.
    Alternatively, the marker can also be transported free of a carrier liquid to the storage site. For example, the marker can be blown in in powder form. Transporting the marker through electromagnetic fields and / or by means of ionizing radiation is also conceivable - which can be done both with and without a carrier liquid.
    Optionally, the marker is fastened in the storage site after being transported to the storage site by partially melting the gem stone and solidifying again. In particular, a flux is used.
    Optionally, the marker already fastened in the storage location is additionally fastened in the gemstone by partially melting the gemstone and solidifying again. In particular, a flux is used.
    Optionally, the marker is fastened in the storage location after being transported to the storage location by solidifying a melt comprising non-gemstone material in an area around the marker. In particular, the non-gem material comprises or is glass, for example lead glass.
    Optionally, the marker already fastened in the storage location is additionally fastened in the gemstone in that a melt comprising non-gemstone material solidifies in an area around the marker. In particular, the non-gem material comprises or is glass, for example lead glass.
    Optionally, the gemstone is at least partially immersed in the carrier liquid with the suspended marker in order to transport the marker suspended in the carrier liquid to the storage site in the gemstone. In particular, the gem can be completely immersed in the carrier liquid.
    An at least partial immersion of the gem in the carrier liquid allows simple, inexpensive, efficient, energy-saving and rapid transportation of the marker to the storage location. If there are several markers, a uniform distribution of the markers can be achieved by immersing them.
    In particular, the gemstone can be at least partially immersed in the carrier liquid over a period of several hours. In addition, the gem and / or the carrier liquid can be set in motion, for example shaken, sonicated (in particular with ultrasound), pivoted, rotated or stirred.
    Alternatively, the gem can also be sprayed with the carrier liquid. The carrier liquid can also be injected into the emplacement points.
    [0074] In particular, the marker can be transported to the storage location under a transport pressure that differs from an ambient pressure. Ambient pressure means an atmospheric pressure of an environment.
    For example, the marker can be transported to the storage location under excess pressure, that is to say a pressure higher than the ambient pressure. In this case, the transport pressure is an overpressure. The overpressure can be at least a factor 1.5 greater than the ambient pressure. In particular, the overpressure is at least a factor 5 greater than the ambient pressure. In particular, the overpressure is at least a factor 10 greater than the ambient pressure.
    For example, the marker can be transported to the storage location under negative pressure, that is to say a pressure lower than the ambient pressure. In this case, the transport pressure is a suppression. The suppression can be at least a factor 1.5 smaller than the ambient pressure. In particular, the suppression is at least a factor 5 smaller than the ambient pressure. In particular, the suppression is less than the ambient pressure by at least a factor of 10.
    For example, the transport pressure corresponds to a pressure in a transport pressure space which is separated from its surroundings and in which at least part of the gem and the markers are located while the marker is being transported to the storage location.
    CH 713 538 A1 In particular, the whole gem and the marker are located in a transport pressure space, which is separated from an environment and in which transport pressure prevails, while the marker is being transported to the storage location.
    For example, the transport pressure prevails in a pressure chamber, which can then also be referred to as the transport pressure space.
    [0080] For example, the transport pressure prevails only in a transport pressure area which includes the marker and the storage location, the transport pressure area being formed as part of the environment.
    In other words, the transport pressure area is free from separation from an environment. At least part of the gem and the marker are located in this transport printing area, while the marker is being transported to the storage location. For example, by specifically aligning a fluid jet on and / or around the gem, a transport pressure area can be made available in an environment around the storage location in which the marker is transported to the storage location.
    Optionally, the marker is suspended in a carrier liquid comprising isopropanol. In particular, the marker is suspended in a carrier liquid comprising at least 50% by weight of isopropanol.
    Isopropanol is inexpensive. Isopropanol has good transport properties such as creep behavior and surface wetting for the transport of the markers into spatially limited and hard-to-reach storage locations. Isopropanol is not toxic and is easy to use. Isopropanol evaporates and evaporates quickly and without residue.
    As an alternative, a carrier liquid free of isopropanol can also be used. For example, an ethanol-based carrier liquid can be used.
    In particular, the carrier liquid is evaporated or evaporated after the marker has been transported into the storage site.
    [0086] Optionally, an additive is added to the carrier liquid before the marker is attached in the storage location of the gem, the additive being in particular a primer.
    An additive in the carrier liquid can play a supporting or even supporting role in attaching the marker. A primer is a substance that adheres well to both the gem and the marker. A primer is also called an adhesion promoter. In other words, a primer creates a close physical or chemical bond in the interface between the marker and the gem.
    As an alternative, the carrier liquid can also be free of an additive. The carrier liquid can be free of a primer.
    The additive of the carrier liquid optionally comprises silicon.
    Optionally, the additive of the carrier liquid comprises silane and / or starting materials from which silane can form.
    Optionally, before and / or upon evaporation or evaporation of the carrier liquid, a surface coating of at least one partial surface of the storage site is formed. This surface coating fixes the marker in the storage area of the gem. In particular, the surface coating comprises silicon. In particular, the surface coating comprises a silicate layer.
    By forming a surface coating (at least on a part of the surface) of the storage site, the marker can be stably and securely attached to the storage site. The surface coating can be formed by the additive (for example by adhering additive particles) and / or from a material which is produced by the additive (for example the additive can be a basis for the formation of a surface coating, such as a liquid with the corresponding starting materials) , For example, the carrier liquid itself can form a surface coating when it evaporates or evaporates.
    [0093] Optionally, the marker already fastened in the storage location is additionally fastened in the gem by forming a surface coating on at least part of the surface of the storage location.
    [0094] For example, the attachment of the marker in the storage site can be carried out by solidifying a substance due to a chemical reaction of one or more components. The chemical reaction for solidifying the substance can be generated with or without irradiation of the substance, in particular with or without irradiation by UV light. The solidification of the substance due to the chemical reaction can form a surface coating of at least part of the surface of the storage site. Alternatively, the solidification of the substance due to the chemical reaction can fix the marker in the storage site, the surface of the storage site remaining free of a partial or entire surface coating.
    Optionally, the marker already fastened in the storage location is additionally fastened in the gem by solidifying a substance due to a chemical reaction of one or more components.
    [0096] Optionally, a surface of the marker is treated before the marker is fastened in the storage location of the gem.
    CH 713 538 A1 The time of treatment of the surface of the marker is at or after the start of the process for making it traceable, that is to say after a time of manufacture of the marker. In particular, making the marker is not part of the traceability process. In particular, the surface of the marker is treated before being suspended in the carrier liquid. In particular, the surface of the marker in the carrier liquid is treated.
    By treating the surface of the marker, the attachment of the marker can be carried out easily, stably and / or permanently. Attaching the marker can be simplified with a treated surface. Treatment of the surface can mean, for example, that the chemical and / or physical surface properties are changed and / or for example the marker receives an electrical charge. A negative electrical charge is particularly conceivable. The marker can also be magnetized. However, the surface of the marker can also remain untreated before being attached to the storage location.
    [0099] Optionally, the marker is essentially formed as a particle.
    Particles are particles, that is to say small solids. For example, particles are solid components of aerosols, suspensions or powders.
    A marker is essentially designed as a particle if at least 70% of its volume is a particle. In particular, a marker is essentially configured as a particle if at least 80% of its volume is a particle. In particular, a marker is essentially configured as a particle if at least 90% of its volume is a particle.
    [0102] Optionally, the marker is essentially spherical. In particular, the marker is encapsulated.
    [0103] A marker is essentially spherical if the smallest radius in the radial direction of the marker from the center of mass of the marker is at most 10% smaller than the largest radius. In particular, a marker is essentially spherical if the smallest radius is at most 20% smaller than the largest radius. In particular, a marker is essentially spherical if the smallest radius is at most 30% smaller than the largest radius.
    The marker can also be cuboid, cylindrical, polygonal, tetrahedral, conical or ellipsoidal. The marker can also have an irregular shape. For example, the marker can combine different shapes mentioned above in certain areas.
    A marker is encapsulated when the marker is designed as a container with a content.
    The marker optionally has a size of 10 nm to 1000 nm. In particular, the marker has a size from 10 nm to and with 500 nm, and in particular from 20 nm to and with 200 nm.
    The size of the marker means a maximum extent in the dimension in which the marker is the largest.
    The marker optionally has an electrical charge. In particular, the marker has a negative electrical charge.
    An electrical charge on the marker (regardless of whether the charge is due to surface treatment of the marker or otherwise occurs) can help secure the marker in the storage site.
    Alternatively, the marker is electrically neutral.
    Optionally, the marker comprises DNA, the marker being uniquely identifiable by the DNA.
    Optionally, the DNA is artificially made for traceability purposes.
    In this case, the DNA is therefore a carrier of the characteristic property on the basis of which the marker can be clearly identified. In other words, the characteristic property of the marker is in the form of DNA, which is encompassed by the marker. The DNS can be identified from the information stored in it and distinguished from other DNS.
    A second aspect of this invention is a method for tracing a gem, comprising the method for making a gem traceable as described above, and the subsequent steps: identifying the marker,
    Tracing the gemstone by comparing the identified marker with the recorded marker information.
    [0115] Using the method of tracing the gem as described above, the gem is prepared to enable traceability. The traceability is carried out by identifying the marker and comparing the identified marker with the recorded marker information. The advantages and the importance of tracing gemstones have already been described above.
    CH 713 538 A1 A third aspect of the invention is a gemstone having a marker, the marker being arranged and fastened in a storage location of the gemstone by the method for making the gemstone traceable as described above.
    [0117] A in such a gem with a marker can be traced. The corresponding advantages have already been described above.
    The subject of the invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of preferred exemplary embodiments which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Each shows schematically:
    Fig. 1a-1c method for tracing a gem;
    Fig. 2a-2f method for tracing a gem using a carrier liquid;
    3a-3f method for traceability of a gem using a carrier liquid and an additive.
    In principle, the same parts are provided with the same reference symbols in the figures.
    1a to 1c show very schematically a method for making a gem 2 traceable. First, a marker 1 is made available, as shown in FIG. 1a. The marker 1 is shown on a very large scale in FIG. 1a; Marker 1 is not visible to the naked eye. Marker 1 is an essentially spherical particle with a diameter of 80 nm, that is to say a nanoparticle. The marker 1 comprises DNA, which is used to uniquely identify the marker 1. In addition to the DNA, the marker 1 comprises silicon-based material. In this exemplary embodiment, marker 1 is a type of marker, as described, for example, in patent application WO 2013 132 014 A1.
    1b shows the gem stone 2, which in the present example is an emerald. This gem 2 has a storage location 3. In this example in FIG. 1 b, the storage location 3 is shown in a roughly enlarged manner and is designed as a micro-crack or fissure in the gem stone 3. The marker 1 is fastened in this storage location 3 of the gem 3. As shown in FIG. 1 c, marking information 4 is recorded, which includes that the marker 1 has been attached to the gem stone 2. The marking information 4 is typically stored in an electronic database which is protected against manipulation, unauthorized interrogation and / or data loss by means of suitable security measures.
    2a to 2f schematically show a method for making a gem 2 traceable, a carrier liquid 10 being used to transport the marker to the storage location 3. Marker 1, gem stone 2 with storage location 3 and the marking information 4 are identical to those of FIGS. 1a to 1c. In the method shown in FIGS. 2a to 2f, several markers 1 (shown in FIG. 2a) are used. For this purpose, the markers 1 are suspended in a carrier liquid 10, in this case in isopropanol. The suspension of carrier liquid 10 and markers 1 is shown in a vessel 11 in FIG. 2b.
    After suspending the markers 1 in the carrier liquid 10, the gem stone 2 is completely immersed in this suspension (see FIG. 2c). While the gem stone 2 is immersed in the suspension, the entire vessel 11 is moved, more precisely shaken in a shaker at a frequency of 900 Hz at room temperature. The shaking lasts for 4 hours. During this time, at least one marker 1 of the suspension is transported to the storage location 3 thanks to the carrier liquid 10, as shown in FIG. 2c.
    After shaking the vessel 11, the gem 2 is removed from the vessel 11 and the carrier liquid 10 can evaporate at room temperature. In this way, the marker 1 is fixed in the storage location 3 of the gem stone 2. The marking information 4 is then acquired analogously to the method in FIGS. 1a to 1c.
    3a to 3f show a method analogous to the method in FIGS. 2a to 2f, with the difference that the suspension also comprises the additive 12 in addition to the carrier liquid 10 and the markers 1. The additive 12 is shown in FIGS. 3b to 3e as a triangular symbol. In the present case, the additive 12 is not a particle, but consists of a liquid mixture of ammonia, tetraethyl orthosilicate and pure water. This additive 12 in the form of a liquid mixture serves as the basis for forming a silicate layer. Accordingly, the additive 12 is shown in the suspension in the vessel 11 in FIG. 3b, and likewise in FIGS. 3c and 3d with the immersed gemstone 2. The additive 12 is also transported through the carrier liquid 10 to the storage location 3, as shown in FIG. 3d shows.
    3e shows the storage location 3 of the gem stone 2 schematically and in a very large magnification. In Fig. 3e the gem 2 has already been removed from the vessel 11 and the carrier liquid 10 has also evaporated. Due to the additive 12, a surface coating has formed on part of the surface of the storage location 3, represented by a series of triangular symbols of the additive 12. The marker 1 is fastened to the storage location 3 of the gem stone 2 by the surface coating.
    CH 713 538 A1 The gemstones 2 marked with the different methods described above are shown in FIGS. 1b, 2e and 3e (in FIG. 3e, however, only as a detail). These gemstones 2 thus have a marker 2. Together with the marking information 4 symbolically represented in FIGS. 1c, 2f and 3f, it is possible to trace these gemstones 2 back.
    [0128] The method for tracing a gem stone 2 comprises the steps of the method for making the gem stone 2 traceable as shown above. The traceable gem stone 2 is then examined in order to identify the marker 1 attached to it. This is done by releasing the DNA from the marker 1, which is located in the storage site 3 of the gemstone 2. In concrete terms, a caustic solvent is used to at least partially dissolve marker 1 and thereby release the DNA. The DNA is then identified by qPCR (quantitative real-time PCR - a method based on a polymerase chain reaction for DNA multiplication and subsequent fluorescence measurement to quantify the DNA). In this way, marker 1 is identified. By using the marker information 4 and corresponding comparisons, the corresponding gem 2 can be inferred from the identification of the marker 1 and the information relating to the marker 1 that is included in the marker information 4. The gem 2 is thus also identified by the information contained in the marking information 4, and the process for tracing has been completed - because the gem 2 has been traced back to the event that the gem 2 has been marked with the marker 1. If the marking information 4 has been recorded accordingly, it can be concluded on the place and time of the application of the traceability method and / or on further information such as origin from a mine or the like (as already described above).
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1]
    claims
    1. A method for tracing a gem (2), comprising the steps:
    providing an invisible marker (1), the marker (1) being clearly identifiable,
    Attach the marker (1) in an emplacement (3) of the gem (2), and
    Detection of marking information (4), which means that this clearly identifiable marker (1) is attached to this gem (2).
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the marker (1) suspended in a carrier liquid (10) is transported to the storage location (3) in order to fix the marker (1) in the storage location (3) of the gemstone (2) ,
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the gem (2) is at least partially immersed in the carrier liquid (10) with the suspended marker (1) in order to move the marker (1) suspended in the carrier liquid (10) to the storage site ( 3) to be transported in the gem (2).
    [4]
    4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the marker (1) is suspended in a carrier liquid (10) comprising isopropanol, and in particular in a carrier liquid (10) comprising at least 50% by weight of isopropanol.
    [5]
    5. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that before the attachment of the marker (1) in the storage location (3) of the gem (2), the carrier liquid (10) with an additive (12) is added, the Additive (12) is in particular a primer.
    [6]
    6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the additive (12) comprises silicon.
    [7]
    7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that before and / or during evaporation or evaporation of the carrier liquid (10) forms a surface coating of at least one partial surface of the storage location (3), through which the marker (1) in the storage location (3) of the gem (2) is attached, the surface coating comprising in particular silicon.
    [8]
    8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a surface of the marker (1) is treated before attaching the marker (1) in the storage location (3) of the gem (2).
    [9]
    9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the marker (1) is essentially designed as a particle.
    [10]
    10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the marker (1) is substantially spherical and in particular is encapsulated.
    [11]
    11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the marker (1) has a size of 10 nm to and with 1000 nm, in particular from 10 nm to and with 500 nm and in particular from 20 nm to and with 200 nm ,
    [12]
    12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the marker (1) has an electrical charge, in particular a negative electrical charge.
    [13]
    13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the marker (1) comprises DNA, the marker (1) being uniquely identifiable by the DNA.
    CH 713 538 A1
    [14]
    14. A method for tracing a gem (2), comprising the method for making a gem (2) traceable according to one of claims 1 to 13, and the subsequent steps: identifying the marker (1),
    Tracing back of the gem (2) by comparing the identified marker (1) with the recorded marking information (4).
    [15]
    15. gemstone (2) having a marker (1), the marker (1) being arranged and fastened by the method for making the gemstone (2) traceable according to one of claims 1 to 13 in a storage location (3) of the gemstone (2) is.
    CH 713 538 A1
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US20190365063A1|2019-12-05|
    WO2018158444A1|2018-09-07|
    CO2019010916A2|2019-10-21|
    US11103036B2|2021-08-31|
    EP3589154A1|2020-01-08|
    CN110381770A|2019-10-25|
    CH713538B1|2020-12-30|
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    法律状态:
    2018-11-15| PCAR| Change of the address of the representative|Free format text: NEW ADDRESS: POSTFACH, 8032 ZUERICH (CH) |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CH00258/17A|CH713538B1|2017-03-02|2017-03-02|Procedure for making a gemstone traceable.|CH00258/17A| CH713538B1|2017-03-02|2017-03-02|Procedure for making a gemstone traceable.|
    EP18707920.7A| EP3589154A1|2017-03-02|2018-03-02|Method for making a gemstone traceable|
    CN201880015008.1A| CN110381770A|2017-03-02|2018-03-02|One kind is for making the retrospective method of jewel|
    PCT/EP2018/055212| WO2018158444A1|2017-03-02|2018-03-02|Method for making a gemstone traceable|
    US16/489,729| US11103036B2|2017-03-02|2018-03-02|Method for rendering a gemstone traceable|
    CONC2019/0010916A| CO2019010916A2|2017-03-02|2019-10-01|Procedure for the traceability of a precious gem|
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